作者：徐珍, 陆欢, 杨慧, 张美彦, 宋晓霞, 尚晓冬, 王瑞娟
单位：上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所 农业农村部应用真菌资源与利用重点实验室 国家食用菌工程技术研究中心 上海市农业遗传育种重点开放实验室，上海 201403
关键词：双孢蘑菇,杂交,分子标记,同核体和异核体菌株,单孢菌株
基金：上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科创字(2020)第1-3号),上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设[沪农科卓(2022)
同核体菌株的获得及交配型的精准鉴定是限制双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus杂交新品种选育的关键因素。本研究利用重测序数据，开发和筛选分子标记，构建双孢蘑菇W192和A15的交配型和亲本来源双重鉴定技术。基于单孢菌株的交配型鉴定结果，开展杂交配对实验，基于双重鉴定结果，对杂交菌株进行栽培实验和性状测定，成功选育杂交新菌株。获得交配型鉴定引物Mats2 (SNP位点)和亲本来源鉴定引物QFi5 (InDel位点)。单孢菌株中，W192的同核体菌株占3.59% (A1型5株，A2型10株)；A15的同核体菌株占4.72% (A3型8株，A4的型13株)。设计459对杂交组合，获得1 251株菌株，经分子标记双重鉴定，获得58株杂交菌株，均为不同交配型菌株之间配对而来，其中，同核体与同核体菌株配对的杂交成功率为11.18%，同核体与异核体配对的杂交成功率为1.59%。栽培实验中，47株(81%)杂交菌株具备正常出菇能力，其中，21株(44.68%)菌株的生物学效率超越双亲。本研究希望利用分子标记辅助育种技术，获得杂交菌株，并提高双孢蘑菇杂交育种的效率。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});//可视化图谱$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showArticle_knowledgeMap") && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length>0){jQuery.getJSON("/Jwxb/CN/lexeme/existsCnctstInArticle.do?articleID="+$("#articleId").val(), null, function(json){if(json.result){$("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").show();}});}});$(document).ready(function(){var metaDataStr = $.trim($("#article_metaJson").val());if(metaDataStr!=''){eval("window.metaData="+metaDataStr);}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2025年第10期
《菌物学报》期刊编辑部
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