作者：王宏雨, 翁梦婷, 孔子浩, 张迪
单位：福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所 特色食用菌繁育与栽培国家地方联合工程研究中心，福建 福州 350012
关键词：广叶绣球菌,植物乳植杆菌,酿酒酵母,发酵,挥发性成分,风味
基金：福建省属公益类科研院所专项(2021R1035001),福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设专项(CXTD2021045),福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越5511协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021014)
为探讨植物乳植杆菌发酵及植物乳植杆菌-酿酒酵母混菌发酵对广叶绣球菌冻干粉挥发性成分构成和风味的影响，本文采用了顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术并结合相对气味活度值法(ROAV)和感官评价分析对不同处理的绣球菌冻干粉样品进行了检测分析。结果表明，3组样品共检测到72种挥发性物质；未发酵的对照组中醇类物质含量最高，相对含量最高的成分为1-辛烯-3-醇[(47.53±2.09)%]；植物乳植杆菌发酵组中酯类、醛类、醇类含量均较高，相对含量最高的成分为正十二烷[(10.39±0.38)%]；混菌发酵组中吡嗪类物质含量最高，相对含量最高的成分为2,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪[(26.76±1.46)%]。通过ROAV分析，对样品风味有贡献的成分共26种(ROAV≥0.1)，其中关键风味成分有9种(ROAV≥1)。3组样品共有的关键风味成分为2-甲基丁醛、1-辛烯-3-醇，赋予了3组样品共有的蘑菇与真菌霉味气味特征；1-庚烯-3-酮为对照组特有的关键风味成分，可赋予样品金属味特征；丁酸己酯、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇和苯乙醇为植物乳植杆菌发酵组特有的关键风味成分，可赋予样品果香味、花香味和焦糖味气味特征；2,6-二乙基吡嗪、2,5-二乙基吡嗪和2,3-二乙基-5-甲基吡嗪为混菌发酵组特有的关键风味成分，可赋予样品坚果气味特征。感官评价分析结果表明：2个发酵处理组的气味差异较大，植物乳杆菌发酵组果香味、焦糖味和蘑菇味都较均衡，且保留了部分食用菌的蘑菇气味特征，而混菌发酵组则以坚果味和焦糖味为主，气味单调；2个发酵处理组均起到较好的脱腥效果，挥发性成分分析结果亦表明1-庚烯-3-酮、壬醛、E-2-辛烯醛等腥味特征成分在发酵处理后的样品中均未检出。由此可知，植物乳植杆菌发酵及植物乳植杆菌-酿酒酵母混菌发酵均可显著改变绣球菌冻干粉样品的挥发性成分构成及其气味特征，具有脱腥增香效果。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});//可视化图谱$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showArticle_knowledgeMap") && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length>0){jQuery.getJSON("/Jwxb/CN/lexeme/existsCnctstInArticle.do?articleID="+$("#articleId").val(), null, function(json){if(json.result){$("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").show();}});}});$(document).ready(function(){var metaDataStr = $.trim($("#article_metaJson").val());if(metaDataStr!=''){eval("window.metaData="+metaDataStr);}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2024年第8期
《菌物学报》期刊编辑部
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