作者：王科选,舒博,袁志林
单位：1 中国林业科学研究院 林木遗传育种全国重点实验室，北京 100091,2 南京林业大学林学院，江苏 南京 210037,3 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所，浙江 杭州 311400
关键词：镰孢菌,种类鉴定,致病性,互作机制
基金：浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2022C02029),林木遗传育种全国重点实验室开放课题(76B2018001)
镰孢菌Fusarium spp.通常引起多种作物病害，但其中某些种类可作为植物内生菌从而提高植物的生长和抗逆性。因此，研究非农田生态系统镰孢菌物种多样性和生态功能具有重要的科学意义。本研究对分离自滩涂盐碱地盐生植物根际的23株镰孢菌进行了种类鉴定、非生物胁迫抗性及毒性评价研究。结果表明：经形态学和多基因联合建树分析(ITS+rpb2+tef1-α)，这些菌株属于7个系统发育种，多数菌株属于尖孢镰孢菌F. oxysporum、恶臭镰孢菌F. foetens和藤仓镰孢菌F. fujikuroi。在7种非生物胁迫条件下[H2O2、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB)、KCl、山梨醇(sorbitol)、荧光增白剂(calcofluor white, CFW)、刚果红(congo red)、NaCl]测定菌株抗性，上述3种镰孢菌与Fusarium sp.1表现出相似的抗性能力；Fusarium sp.2和Fusarium sp.3尤其在离子胁迫和渗透胁迫方面表现出较强的适应性；芳香镰孢菌F. ambrosium则对多种胁迫均比较敏感。PCR检测表明大多数菌株含有恩镰孢菌素(enniatin)合成核心基因，约1/3菌株包含伏马菌素(fumonisin)基因，少量菌株含有单端孢霉烯族毒素(trichothecene)基因。只有少量菌株扩增出six2、six9和six13等编码木质部分泌蛋白SIX (secreted in xylem)的基因。接种试验表明，多数菌株对拟南芥和NL895杨树无性系具有不同程度的致病性，只有少量菌株具有明显的促生效应；而所有菌株接种小麦幼苗均未引起病害。研究发现促生和致病菌株在毒素合成基因和six基因数量方面并无明显差异，表明还存在其他致病或促生机制。本研究揭示了盐生植物根系存在较为丰富的镰孢菌种类，而且存在致病或促生等方面的差异。本研究为深入研究营养方式转变的基因组演化特征和植物-镰孢菌的共生互作提供了模型。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});//可视化图谱$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showArticle_knowledgeMap") && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length>0){jQuery.getJSON("/Jwxb/CN/lexeme/existsCnctstInArticle.do?articleID="+$("#articleId").val(), null, function(json){if(json.result){$("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").show();}});}});$(document).ready(function(){var metaDataStr = $.trim($("#article_metaJson").val());if(metaDataStr!=''){eval("window.metaData="+metaDataStr);}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2023年第8期
《菌物学报》期刊编辑部
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