作者：柴红梅,马渊浩,刘萍,陈卫民,陶南,赵永昌
单位：云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南 昆明 650205
关键词：羊肚菌,MAT idiomorph,交配基因,Nanopore测序,异宗结合
基金：国家自然科学基金(31460014),国家自然科学基金(31960621),财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS20)
本文以基因组数据显示只具有MAT1-1 idiomorph的单孢菌株YPL6-3和只具有MAT1-2 idiomorph的单孢菌株YPL6-1为材料,研究它们子代的子囊果、单孢菌株群体和同一子囊中8个单孢菌株的交配型分布情况。YPL6-3和YPL6-1菌株分别隔离栽培和互补混栽均能形成正常的子囊果,其子囊果菌柄交配型分布与亲本菌株有关。PCR扩增检测235株子代单孢菌株的交配基因出现有趣现象：一些菌株的MAT1-1-1基因电泳条带强,而MAT1-2-1基因的条带弱;另一些菌株则MAT1-1-1基因条带弱,而MAT1-2-1基因条带强。同时也有两基因条带都强或者一基因条带强,另一基因无条带的菌株。从3个子囊果中共挑取了10个子囊,并对每个子囊中的单孢进行独立分离,PCR扩增并电泳检测交配基因时也出现了上述相同的情况。若MAT1-1-1强,则MAT1-2-1弱或无,这样的菌株在同一子囊中不会超出4个,反之亦然。利用长片段PCR扩增YPL6-1和YPL6-3菌株的全长MAT idiomorph,利用Nanopore测序技术对扩增子进行单分子实时测序,2次重复实验的序列比对发现：菌株YPL6-1中存在99.63%和99.81%的MAT1-2 idiomorph分子及0.37%和0.19%的MAT1-1 idiomorph分子;菌株YPL6-3中存在99.45%和99.74%的MAT1-1 idiomorph 分子及0.55%和0.26%的MAT1-2 idiomorph分子。从而证实,这2个基因组测序和PCR扩增都只能检测到一种交配型的菌株,其实是异核菌株,只是2种交配型核的数量占比存在较大偏离。根据上述现象推断,梯棱羊肚菌的子囊孢子都是异核的,萌发后形成的单孢菌株具有异核不对称特点,从而推测梯棱羊肚菌是一种特殊的假同宗子囊菌,同时也揭示了梯棱羊肚菌单孢出菇的真相。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});//可视化图谱$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showArticle_knowledgeMap") && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length>0){jQuery.getJSON("/Jwxb/CN/lexeme/existsCnctstInArticle.do?articleID="+$("#articleId").val(), null, function(json){if(json.result){$("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").show();}});}});$(document).ready(function(){var metaDataStr = $.trim($("#article_metaJson").val());if(metaDataStr!=''){eval("window.metaData="+metaDataStr);}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2022年第10期
《菌物学报》期刊编辑部
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