作者:戴蓬博,张荣,孙广宇
单位:西北农林科技大学植物保护学院 陕西 杨凌 712100
关键词:病原真菌,病原卵菌,病原学,腐烂病,轮纹病,早期落叶病
基金:国家自然科学基金(31972220),国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)
苹果为我国主要栽培水果,苹果产业在我国农业生产中占有重要地位。病原菌物是苹果病害的主要病原物,对我国苹果产量和品质造成严重损害。国际上病原菌物为苹果主要病原类型,其数量占苹果病原物的93.4%。我国植物病理学家和菌物学家对苹果病害的病原学进行了长期研究,描述与记载了大量国外已报道的病原真菌和病原卵菌,也描述了一些国外尚未记载的病原菌。随着菌物分类研究的深入、分类系统及菌物命名规则变化等,许多病害的病原名称发生了较大变化,对名称的使用造成了诸多不便,影响了苹果病害相关知识的交流。本文汇总了我国已经描述的苹果菌物病害的病原种类,其中病原真菌149种,病原卵菌6种,病原菌物占苹果病原物种类的90.6%。依据最新分类系统、菌物命名法规和汉语名称规则,对相关病原菌物的拉丁学名、中文名称以及病害汉语名称等进行了整理和修订。该项工作有利于相关植物病理学研究者、植保工作者、园艺工作者、管理人员及基层推广工作者对苹果病原菌物名称的检索和规范使用,促进学术交流和科学普及等。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});//可视化图谱$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showArticle_knowledgeMap") && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length && $("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").length>0){jQuery.getJSON("/Jwxb/CN/lexeme/existsCnctstInArticle.do?articleID="+$("#articleId").val(), null, function(json){if(json.result){$("#showArticle_knowledgeMap").show();}});}});$(document).ready(function(){var metaDataStr = $.trim($("#article_metaJson").val());if(metaDataStr!=''){eval("window.metaData="+metaDataStr);}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源:2021年第4期
《菌物学报》期刊编辑部
查看菌物学报杂志2021年第4期